Transmitter, receiver, and signal processing method thereof

ABSTRACT

A transmitter and receiver of a broadcasting signal and a method of processing the broadcasting signal are provided. The transmitter includes: a segmenter configured to segment an L1 signaling of a frame into a plurality of segmented L1 signalings such that each of the segmented L1 signalings has bits a number of which is equal to or smaller than a predetermined number; and an encoder configured to perform a Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) and a low density parity check (LDPC) encoding, or the LDPC encoding without the BCH encoding, with respect to the segmented L1 signalings.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/403,812 filedJan. 11, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/483,344 filed Sep. 11, 2014, which claims priority from Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2014-0066349, filed on May 30, 2014, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, and U.S. Provisional Application Nos.61/882,145 and 61/876,371, filed on Sep. 25, 2013 and Sep. 11, 2013,respectively, in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety byreference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments of theinventive concept relate to a transmitter, a receiver, and a signalprocessing method thereof, which can process L1 signaling.

2. Description of the Related Art

In the 21^(st) century information society, broadcasting communicationservices are characterized by digitalization, multi-channel, brodband,and high quality. Recently, as a high-quality digital television (TV), aportable media player (PMP), and a portable broadcasting device havebeen widely used, there is an increasing demand to support variousmethods for receiving digital broadcasting services.

In compliance with such a demand, the standards group has establishedvarious standards and specifications, such as the digital videobroadcasting the second generation European terrestrial (DVB-T2), tosatisfy user needs. However, there is still a need for bettertransmisison and reception performances for broadcasting services.

SUMMARY

One or more exemplary embodiments provide a transmitter, a receiver, anda signal processing method thereof, which can improve transmission andreception performance of broadcasting signals.

According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided atransmitter which may include: a segmenter configured to segment an L1signaling of a frame into a plurality of segmented L1 signalings suchthat each of the segmented L1 signalings has bits a number of which isequal to or smaller than a predetermined number; and an encoderconfigured to perform a Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) and a lowdensity parity check (LDPC) encoding, or the LDPC encoding without theBCH encoding, with respect to the segmented L1 signalings.

Here, the predetermined number may be smaller than at least one of alength of an information word of the BCH encoding and a length of aninformation word of the LDPC encoding.

Further, the predetermined number may be calculated based on t apredetermined transmission code rate, a number of parity bits generatedby the BCH encoding, and a number of parity bits generated by the LDPCencoding.

In this case, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basis ofthe following equation,

$K_{th} = {\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity}}$where K_(th) is the predetermined number, R_(t) is the predeterminedtransmission code rate, N_(parity) is the number of parity bitsgenerated by the LDPC encoding, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) is the numberof parity bits generated by the BCH encoding.

According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a signal processing method of a transmitter which may include:segmenting an L1 signaling of a frame into a plurality of segmented L1signalings such that each of the segmented L1 signalings has bits anumber of which is equal to or smaller than a predetermined number; andperforming BCH encoding and LDPC encoding, or the LDPC encoding withoutthe BCH encoding, with respect to the segmented L1 signalings.

Here, the predetermined number may be smaller than at least one of alength of an information word of the BCH encoding and a length of aninformation word of the LDPC encoding.

Further, the predetermined number may be calculated based on apredetermined transmission code rate, a number of parity bits generatedby the BCH encoding, and a number of parity bits generated by the LDPCencoding.

In this case, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basis ofthe above equation

According to an aspect of still another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a receiver which may include: a decoder configured to performLDPC decoding and BCH decoding, or the LDPC decoding without the BCHdecoding, to output a plurality of segmented L1 signalings which aregenerated by segmenting an L1 signaling of a frame such that each of thesegmented L1 signalings has bits a number of which is equal to orsmaller than a predetermined number, based on a channel value of asignal that is received from a transmitter; and a desegmenter configuredto perform desegmentation of the plurality of segmented L1 signalingsoutput from the LDPC decoding and the BCH decoding or the LDPC decodingwithout the BCH decoding.

Here, the predetermined number may be smaller than one of a length of aninformation word of the BCH encoding and a length of an information wordof the LDPC encoding.

Further, the predetermined number may be calculated based on t apredetermined transmission code rate, a number of parity bits generatedby BCH encoding performed by the transmitter, and a number of paritybits generated by LDPC encoding performed by the transmitter.

In this case, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basis ofthe above equation

According to an aspect of still another exemplary embodiment, there isprovided a signal processing method of a receiver which may include:performing LDPC decoding and BCH decoding, or the LDPC decoding withoutthe BCH decoding, to output a plurality of segmented L1 signalings whichare generated by segmenting an L1 signaling of a frame such that each ofthe segmented L1 signalings has bits a number of which is equal to orsmaller than a predetermined number, on the basis of a channel value ofa signal that is received from a transmitter; and performingdesegmentation of the plurality of segmented L1 signalings output fromthe LDPC decoding and the BCH decoding or the LDPC decoding without theBCH decoding.

Here, the predetermined number may be smaller than one of a length of aninformation word of the BCH encoding and a length of an information wordof the LDPC encoding.

Further, the predetermined number may be calculated based on t apredetermined transmission code rate, a number of parity bits generatedby BCH encoding performed by the transmitter, and a number of paritybits generated by LDPC encoding performed by the transmitter.

In this case, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basis ofthe above equation

As described above, according to various exemplary embodiments of theinventive concept, since the transmitter efficiently segments andencodes the L1 signaling, transmission and reception performances of thetransmitter and the receiver may be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the exemplaryembodiments will be more apparent from the following detaileddescription when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure used in abroadcasting/communication system, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a digitalbroadcasting transmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining a method for segmenting L1 signaling,according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams illustrating a configuration of anencoder, according to exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams explaining a relationship between a coderate and parity bits being punctured, according to exemplaryembodiments;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams explaining a relationship between a coderate and parity bits being transmitted, according to exemplaryembodiments;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams explaining a segmented L1 signaling,according to exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a method for segmenting an L1 signaling,according to another exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of atransmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of atransmitter, according to another exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are block diagrams illustrating a configuration of areceiver according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of areceiver, according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of areceiver, according to another exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a signal processing method of atransmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment; and

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a signal processing method of areceiver, according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept aredescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Inexplaining the exemplary embodiments, if it seems that a detailedexplanation regarding a related art or configuration obscures asubstance of the inventive concept with an unnecessary detail, thedetailed explanation will be omitted. Terms used herein may beconsistent with those described in the standard referred to as thedigital video broadcasting the second generation European terrestrial(DVB-T2).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure used in abroadcasting/communication system, according to an exemplary embodiment.Referring to FIG. 1, a frame 100 includes a preamble 110 and datasymbols 120.

The preamble 110 is a portion for transmitting an L1 signaling, and asillustrated in FIG. 1, may include an L1 pre signaling (i.e., L1 presignaling information) 111 and an L1 post signaling (i.e., L1 postsignaling information) 112.

Here, the L1 pre signaling includes information that is required for areceiver (not illustrated) to receive and decode the L1 post signaling112, and the L1 post signaling includes parameters that are required forthe receiver (not illustrated) to access a physical layer pipe (PLP). Inthis case, the L1 post signaling 112 may include L1 configurableinformation, L1 dynamic information, cyclic redundancy check (CRC)information, and L1 padding.

The data symbols 120 may be a portion for actually transmittingbroadcasting data, and may include one or more PLPs. In this case, therespective PLP may independently perform different signal processes. Forexample, different modulation methods and code rates may be used for therespectively PLPs.

As described above, in a broadcasting/communication system, atransmitting side (transmitter) may transmit broadcasting data with aframe structure as illustrated in FIG. 1, and a receiving side(receiver) may receive the broadcasting data through the PLPs byacquiring information about a data transmission method and a framelength from the L1 signaling.

Hereinafter, a method for processing the L1 post signaling of the L1signaling according to an exemplary embodiment will be described. In thefollowing description, lengths of a codeword, information word (orinformation word bits), parity bits, and L1 signaling mean the numbersof bits included therein.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a digitalbroadcasting transmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment.Referring to FIG. 2, a transmitter 200 includes a segmenter 210 and anencoder 220.

The segmenter 210 performs segmentation of the L1 signaling. Here, theL1 signaling may be an L1 post signaling. As described above, since theL1 post signaling includes parameters for the receiving side to accessthe PLPs, the length of the L1 post signaling may be variable accordingto the PLPs.

Specifically, the segmenter may segment the L1 into a plurality ofsegmented L1 signalings such that each of the segmented L1 signalingshas bits the number of which is equal to or smaller than a predeterminednumber. That is, if the number of bits that constitute the L1 signalingis larger than the predetermined number, the segmenter 210 can performsegmentation of the L1 signaling. Accordingly, the plurality ofsegmented L1 signalings can form bit strings. In this case, the numberof bits of each segmented L1 signaling may be limited to thepredetermined number or less, and the predetermined number may besmaller than the length of an information word of a Bose, Chaudhuri,Hocquenghem (BCH) codeword or the length of an information word of a lowdensity parity check (LDPC) codeword.

The detailed method for segmenting the L1 signaling through thesegmenter 210 is as follows.

The L1 signaling is segmented by the segmenter 210, and each segmentedL1 signaling is encoded by the encoder 220. A plurality of LDPCcodewords that are generated through the encoding, i.e., a plurality ofLDPC coded blocks or LDPC blocks, may be transmitted to the receivingside. As described above, since the bits that constitute the L1signaling are transmitted to the receiving side through the LDPC blocks,the segmenter 210 calculates the number of LDPC blocks N_(post) _(_)_(FEC) _(_) _(Block) (or, may be called N_(L1post) _(_) _(FECFRAME)) onthe basis of Equation 1 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}} = \left\lceil \frac{K_{{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}{K_{th}} \right\rceil},} & (1)\end{matrix}$where K_(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) (or, may be called K_(L1post) _(_)_(ex) _(_) _(pad)) is a length of the L1 signaling. Specifically,K_(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) may be the length of the L1 signlaingwhich does not include the length of the L1 padding to be describedbelow. In addition, K_(th) is a predetermined number proposed accordingto an exemplary embodiment, and means the maximum number of bits of thesegmented L1 signaling. That is, K_(th) may be the maximum thresholdvalue for the number of bits that constitute the segmented L1 signaling.Further, since each segmented L1 signaling is encoded to form an LDPCblock, K_(th) may mean the maximum number of bits of the L1 signalingthat is included in one LDPC block.

Further, the segmenter 210 calculates the number of bits K_(L1) _(_)_(PADDING) (or, may be called K_(L1post) _(_) _(PADDING)) of paddingbits (i.e., L1 padding) that should be added (or padded) to the L1signaling for segmentation on the basis of Equation 2 below. Here, thepadding bits may be formed of zero bits. Here, the zero bits refer tobits having bit value “0”. However, the padding bits may be formed of adifferent bit value or bit value pattern.

$\begin{matrix}{{N_{L\; 1{\_ PADDING}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}{N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}}} \right\rceil \times N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}}} - K_{{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}},} & (2)\end{matrix}$where K_(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) is the length of the L1 signaling,and N_(post) _(_) _(FEC) _(_) _(Block) is the number of LDPC blocks.

As described above, addition of the L1 padding is to make each segmentedL1 signaling be formed of the same number of bits.

Thereafter, the segmenter 210 may add the padding bits as calculated tothe L1 signaling, and segment the L1 signaling to which the padding bitsare added.

Specifically, the segmenter 210 may calculate the length K_(post) (or,may be called K_(L1post)) of the L1 signaling to which the padding bitsare added, on the basis of Equation 3 below, and may calculate thelength K_(sig) of each segmented L1 signaling by dividing the lengthK_(post) of the L1 signaling, to which the padding bits are added, bythe number N_(post) _(_) _(FEC) _(_) _(Block) of LDPC blocks, based onEquatoin 4 below. Further, the segmenter 210 may generate a plurality ofsegmented L1 signalings having the length of K_(sig) by performingsegmentation of the L1 signaling according to the calculated lengthK_(sig).K _(post) =K _(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) +K _(L1) _(_) _(PADDING)  (3)where K_(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) is the length of the L1 signaling,and K_(L1) _(_) _(PADDING) is the number of padding bits.

$\begin{matrix}{{K_{sig} = \frac{K_{post}}{N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}}}},} & (4)\end{matrix}$where K_(post) is the length of the L1 signaling to which the paddingbits are added, and N_(post) _(_) _(FEC) _(_) _(Block) is the number ofLDPC blocks.

As described above, the segmenter 210 may segment the L1 signaling basedon the above-described methods in Equation 1 to Equation 4, and mayoutput a plurality of segmented L1 signalings to the encoder 220.

In this case, the length of each segmented L1 signaling may be equal toor smaller than the predetermined value K_(th). That is, K_(sig)≤K_(th)can be satisfied. Specifically, as described above, since the length ofthe L1 signaling is variable and the number of LDPC blocks is calculatedthrough the method expressed in Equation 1, the length of the segmentedL1 signaling may become equal to or smaller than the predetermined valueK_(th). Accordingly, the maximum number of bits included in thesegmented L1 signaling may become K_(th).

The segmented L1 signaling may be formed of L1 signaling bits only, ormay be formed of the L1 signaling bits and padding bits.

That is, if the length of the L1 signaling is an integer multiple ofK_(th), the L1 signaling is segmented in a state where the padding bitsare not added thereto as expressed in Equation 1, and thus each of thesegmented L1 signalings may be formed of the L1 signaling bits only.However, if the length of the L1 signaling is not an integer multiple ofK_(th), the L1 signaling is segmented after the padding bits are addedthereto as expressed in Equations 2-4, and a part of the segmented L1signalings may be formed of the L1 signaling bits only and the remainingpart may be formed of the L1 signaling bits and the padding bits.

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining a method for segmenting L1 signaling,according to an embodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the L1 signaling 310 having the length ofK_(post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) may be segmented into N_(post) _(_)_(FEC) _(_) _(Block) segmented L1 signalings after K_(L1) _(_)_(PADDING) bits 320 are added to the L1 signaling 310. Accordingly, thesegmented L1 signalings 310-1 to 310-n may have the length of K_(sig).In this case, K_(sig)≤K_(th) is satisfied.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the encoder 220 may encode the segmented L1signalings. That is, the encoder 220 may perform encoding in a unit ofthe segmented L1 signaling. Here, since the segmented L1 signaling isformed of K_(sig) bits, the encoder 220 may perform encoding in a unitof K_(sig) bits.

In this case, the encoder 220 may perform BCH encoding and LDPC encodingwith respect to the segmented L1 signalings.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the encoder 220 will bedescribed in more detail.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams illustrating a configuration of anencoder, according to an exemplary embodiment. First, referring to FIG.4A, the encoder 220 may include a zero bit inserter 221, a BCH/LDPCencoder 223, a parity interleaver 225, and a zero bit remover/puncturer227.

The zero bit inserter 221 adds zero bits (or zero padding bits) to thesegmented L1 signaling.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4A, the BCH/LDPC encoder 223 includes aBCH encoder 223-1 for performing BCH encoding and an LDPC encoder 223-2for performing LDPC encoding. That is, the BCH encoder 223-1 maygenerate a BCH codeword through the BCH encoding to output the BCHcodeword to the LDPC encoder 223-2, and the LDPC encoder 223-2 mayperform LDPC encoding using the BCH codeword as an information word. Inthis case, in the case of the LDPC encoding that is performed by theLDPC encoder 223-2, an information word having a predetermined length isrequired according to the code rate, and thus the BCH encoder 223-1should generate a BCH codeword having the predetermined length.

In order for the BCH encoder 223-1 to generate a BCH codeword having thepredetermined length, it is required to perform the BCH encoding withrespect to a predetermined number of bits. Accordingly, the zero bitinserter 221 may pad zero bits to the segmented L1 signaling so that thesegmented L1 signaling has the length of the information word that isrequired in the BCH code, and may output L1 post signaling to which thezero bits are padded to the BCH/LDPC encoder 223.

As described above, the length of the segmented L1 signaling may beequal to or smaller than K_(th). Here, K_(th) may be smaller than thelength of the information word that is required during the BCH encoding.Since the length of the information word that is required during the BCHencoding is smaller than the length of the information word that isrequired during the LDPC encoding, K_(th) may be smaller than the lengthof the information word that is required during the LDPC encoding.

Accordingly, the zero bit inserter 221 may add the zero bits to thesegmented L1 signaling. For example, in the case where the segmented L1signaling is formed of K_(sig) bits, the number of bits of theinformation word that is required during the BCH encoding is K_(bch),and K_(bch)>K_(sig) is set, the zero padding bit inserter 221 may addK_(bch)−K_(sig) zero bits to the segmented L1 signaling.

However, according to circumstances, the BCH encoder 223-1 may beomitted from the BCH/LDPC encoder 223, and the BCH/LDPC encoder 223 mayperform only the LDPC encoding without the BCH encoding.

In this case, the zero bit inserter 221 may pad the zero bits to thesegmented L1 signaling so that the segmented L1 signaling has the lengthof the information word that is required in the LDPC codeword. Forexample, if the segmented L1 signaling is formed of K_(sig) bits, thenumber of bits of the information word of the LDPC codeword is K_(ldpc),and K_(ldpc)>K_(sig) is set, the zero padding bit inserter 221 may addK_(ldpc)−K_(sig) zero bits to the segmented L1 signaling.

As described above, the zero bit inserter 221 may insert the zero bitsinto the segmented L1 signaling, and then may output the L1 signalinginto which the zero bits are inserted to the BCH/LDPC encoder 223.

The BCH/LDPC encoder 223 performs the BCH encoding and the LDPC encodingwith respect to the L1 signaling transmitted from the zero bit inserter221. For this, as shown in FIG. 4B, the BCH/LDPC encoder 223 may includea BCH encoder 223-1 for performing the BCH encoding and an LDPC encoder223-2 for performing the LDPC encoding.

Specifically, the BCH encoder 223-1 generates BCH parity bits byperforming the BCH encoding of the L1 signaling, to which the zero bitsare added, as the information word, and generates a plurality of BCHcodewords formed of the information word and the BCH parity bits. Here,168 BCH parity bits may be generated by the BCH encoding.

Further, the LDPC encoder 223-2 may generate LDPC parity bits byperforming the LDPC encoding with respect to the BCH codewords generatedby the BCH encoding, and may output a plurality of LDPC codewords formedof the information word and the LDPC parity bits to the parityinterleaver 225. For example, if the length of the information word ofthe BCH encoder 223-1 is K_(bch), and the length of the information wordof the LDPC encoder 223-2 is K_(ldpc), the LDPC encoder 223-2 maygenerate the LDPC codeword having the length of N_(ldpc), by performingthe LDPC encoding at a constant code rate.

Since the BCH code and the LDPC code are systematic codes, theinformation word may be included in the codeword. That is, since the BCHencoding is performed using the L1 signaling as the information word,the BCH codeword generated as a result of the BCH encoding may includethe L1 signaling that is the information word as it is, and may be inthe form in which the BCH parity bits are added to the information word.Further, since the LDPC encoding is performed using the BCH codeword asthe information word, the LDPC codeword generated as a result of theLDPC encoding may include the L1 signaling that is the information wordand the BCH parity bits as they are, and may be in the form in which theLDPC parity bits are added to the information word.

In the above-described example, it is described that both the BCHencoding and the LDPC encoding are performed. However, this is merelyexemplary, and according to circumstances, the BCH encoding may beomitted. That is, the BCH encoder 223-1 may be omitted. Accordingly, theLDPC encoder 223-2 may generate the LDPC codeword through performing ofthe LDPC encoding using the L1 signaling transmitted from the zero bitinserter 221 as the information word, and may output the generated LDPCcodeword to the parity interleaver 225.

Further, in the above-described example, it is described that the zerobits are added to the segmented L1 signaling by the zero bit inserter221 and the BCH encoding and the LDPC encoding are sequentiallyperformed with respect to the L1 signaling to which the zero bits areadded. However, this is merely exemplary, and the zero bit inserter 221may be arranged between the BCH encoder 223-1 and the LDPC encoder223-2. The detailed explanation will be made later with reference toFIG. 10.

The parity interleaver 225 performs parity interleaving with respect tothe L1 signaling transmitted from the BCH/LDPC encoder 223.

Specifically, the parity interleaver 225 performs the interleaving onlywith respect to the LDPC parity bits among the LDPC codeword bits, andoutputs the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword to the zero bitremover/puncturer 227.

However, according to circumstances as described above, the parityinterleaver 225 may be omitted. In this case, the L1 signaling encodedwithout interleaving of the LDPC parity bits may be output to the zerobit remover/puncturer 227.

The zero bit remover/puncturer 227 may remove the zero bits from the L1signaling transmitted from the parity interleaver 225 and performpuncturing of the L1 signaling.

First, in the case where the zero bits are added by the zero bitinserter 221, the zero bit remover/puncturer 227 may remove the addedzero bits. That is, the zero bit remover/puncturer 227 may remove thezero bits padded by the zero bit inserter 221 among the bits output fromthe parity interleaver 225 based on the positions and the number of zerobits padded by the zero bit inserter 221. Through this, it is calledshortening that the padded zero bits are encoded and then removed.

Further, the zero bit remover/puncturer 227 may perform puncturing of atleast a part of the LDPC parity bits output from the parity interleaver225. In this case, the number of punctured LDPC parity bits may varyaccording to the channel environment, and the punctured LDPC parity bitsare not transmitted to the receiving side.

The bits output from the zero bit remover/puncturer 227 may betransmitted to a receiver (not illustrated). For example, thetransmitter 200 may modulate the bits output from the zero bitremover/puncturer 227, perform mapping of the modulated bits on anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame, and transmitthe mapped OFDM frame to the receiver. In this case, the L1 signalingmay be mapped on a preamble in the OFDM frame.

Hereinafter, a method for determining K_(th) will be described indetail.

As described above, the segmented L1 signaling into which the zero bitsare inserted is encoded to generate the LDPC codeword, and the generatedLDPC codeword is transmitted to the receiver in a state where thepartial LDPC parity bits of the LDPC codeword have been punctured. Here,the puncturing means that the partial parity bits are not transmitted,and may be performed in the case where the partial parity bits areunable to be transmitted or it is not required to transmit the partialparity bits.

As an example, it is assumed that the L1 signaling bits are mapped onone OFDM symbol to be transmitted. In this case, the number ofsub-carriers by which the L1 signaling bits of the one OFDM symbol canbe transmitted in the BPSK modulation method is 5028, and if the numberof L1 signaling bits is 683, 168 BCH parity bits and 4177(=5028−683−168) LDPC parity bits can be transmitted.

In the case of generating the LDPC codeword that is formed of 16200 bitsbased on 2/5 code rate during the LDPC encoding, the number of LDPCparity bits that constitute a LDPC codeword is 9720, and it is requiredthat 5543 (=9720−4177) LDPC parity bits are punctured to transmit 4177LDPC parity bits.

As described above, the puncturing may be performed in the case where apart of the parity bits are unable to be transmitted.

As another example, the puncturing may be performed in the case where itis not necessary to transmit a part of the parity bits. Specifically, itis required to transmit the L1 signaling at a predetermined transmissioncode rate in order for the receiving side to receive the L1 signalingwithout error. Accordingly, it is not necessary for the transmittingside to transmit a part of parity bits which is not required accordingto the predetermined transmission code rate, and thus the part of theLDPC parity bits generated in the LDPC encoding process may bepunctured.

As described above, a part of the parity bits generated in the encodingprocess may be punctured and not transmitted. However, if the number ofpunctured parity bits is increased, it may cause deterioration of theperformance. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5Aand 5B.

FIG. 5A illustrates a case where the L1 signaling is LDPC-encoded basedon a low code rate, and FIG. 5B illustrates a case where the L1signaling is LDPC-encoded based on a high code rate.

Here, K_(sig) is the length of the segmented L1 signaling, K_(bch1) andK_(bch2) are the lengths of the information word of the BCH code, andN_(parity1) and N_(parity2) are the lengths of the LDPC parity bitsgenerated according to the LDPC encoding. Further, N_(required) _(_)_(parity) is the length of the LDPC parity bits that satisfies arequired transmission code rate, N_(tx) _(_) _(parity) is the length ofthe LDPC parity bits actually transmitted, and N_(punc) is the length ofthe punctured LDPC parity bits.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, in the case of performing the LDPCencoding at a relatively low code rate as compared with the case ofperforming the LDPC encoding at a relatively high code rate, more LDPCparity bits are generated. Accordingly, in the case of encoding the L1signaling having the same length, more LDPC parity bits should bepunctured when the LDPC encoding is performed at the relatively low coderate to satisfy the required transmission code rate. That is, in thecase of performing the LDPC encoding at the relatively low code rate inorder to transmit the LDPC parity bits having the same length, a largeramount of LDPC parity bits should be punctured. Accordingly, in the caseof performing the LDPC encoding at the relatively low code rate,relatively greater deterioration of the performance may be caused.

However, in the case of performing the LDPC encoding of the L1 signalingbased on the high code rate, the number of LDPC parity bits may notsatisfy the required transmission code rate. That is, suchnon-satisfaction may occur in the case where the number of LDPC paritybits generated by the LDPC encoding is smaller than the number of LDPCparity bits required for the receiving side to receive the L1 signalingwithout error. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.6A and 6B. Various parameters illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B have thesame meaning as those illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

FIG. 6A illustrates a case where the L1 signaling having the same lengthas the length of the information word of the BCH codeword isLDPC-encoded on the basis of a low code rate, and FIG. 6B illustrates acase where the L1 signaling having the same length as the length of theinformation word of the BCH codeword is LDPC-encoded on the basis of ahigh code rate.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, in the case of performing the LDPCencoding at a relatively high code rate, the number of LDPC parity bitsgenerated through the LDPC encoding becomes insufficient in comparisonto the number of LDPC parity bits required for the receiving side toreceive the L1 signaling without error, and thus the performance becomeslower in the case of performing the LDPC encoding on the basis of therelatively high code rate.

Accordingly, it is necessary to limit the number of bits input to apredetermined value in order to satisfy the transmission code rate thatis required when the L1 signaling is LDPC-encoded on the basis of thehigh code rate, and the limited number of bits may be reflected in thepredetermined number K_(th) presented according to an exemplaryembodiment. In this case, K_(th) may be a value that is smaller than thelength of the information word of the BCH code or the length of theinformation word of the LDCP codeword.

Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that thesegmented L1 signaling is formed of K_(th) bits, i.e., K_(sig)=K_(th).Accordingly, the number of input bits that are input to the encoder 220may be K_(th).

Here, the predetermined number may be determined based on the requiredtransmission code rate, the number of parity bits generated through theBCH encoding, and the number of parity bits generated through the LDPCencoding, and specifically, may be calculated on the basis of Equation 5below.

$\begin{matrix}{{K_{th} = {\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity}}},} & (5)\end{matrix}$where K_(th) is the predetermined number presented according to thepresent embodiment, and denotes the maximum number of bits of thesegmented L1 signaling. Here, since Kth may be smaller than the lengthof the information word of the BCH encoding, the number of input bitsinput to the encoder 220 may be smaller than the length of theinformation word that is required during the BCH encoding.

Further, N_(parity) is the number of LDPC parity bits generated by theLDPC encoding, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) is the number of BCH paritybits generated by the BCH encoding.

Further, R_(t) denotes a required transmission code rate in the casewhere the segmented L1 signaling is formed of K_(th) bits. Here, therequired transmission code rate may be the maximum transmission coderate that satisfies the bit error rate/frame error rate (BER/FER) thatis targeted in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) in which the L1 signalingoperates.

Accordingly, the transmission code rate in the case where the number ofinput bits input to the encoder 220 is K_(th) and all the LDPC paritybits generated through the LDPC encoding are transmitted should be lowerthan R_(t). Accordingly, K_(th) may be determined to satisfy Equation 6below.

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{K_{th} + N_{bch\_ parity}}{\left( {K_{th} + N_{bch\_ parity}} \right) + N_{parity}} < R_{t}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

A detailed example of K_(th) according to the required transmission coderate may be as described in Table 1 and Table 2. In Table 1 and Table 2,it is assumed that the segmented L1 signaling is formed of K_(th) bits.

Table 1 indicates K_(th) values according to the code rate R_(ldpc) usedduring the LDPC encoding in the case where the required transmissioncode rate R_(t) is 0.4.

TABLE 1 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.4 7032 2/5 9720 0.46312  7/15 8640 0.4 5592  8/15 7560 0.4 4872 3/5 6480 0.4 4152 2/3 54000.4 3432 11/15 4320 0.4 2712

Table 2 indicates K_(th) values according to the code rate R_(ldpc) usedduring the LDPC encoding in the case where the required transmissioncode rate R_(t) is 0.3.

TABLE 2 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.3 4460 2/6 9720 0.33997  7/15 8640 0.3 3534  8/15 7560 0.3 3072 3/5 6480 0.3 2609 2/3 54000.3 2146 11/15 4320 0.3 1683

As the value K_(th) becomes smaller, the number of segmented L1signalings becomes larger. Accordingly, according to the presentembodiment, values R_(ldpc) and K_(th) may be determined such that thesegmentation is not maximally generated, in consideration of the rangeof the length of the variable L1 signaling.

As an example, if N_(ldpc) (the length of an LDPC codeword)=16200,N_(parity)=8640, and the required transmission code rate R_(t) is 0.4,K_(th) becomes K_(th)=5592, and thus Equation 1 can be expressed as inEquation 7 below.

$\begin{matrix}{N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}} = \left\lceil \frac{K_{{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}{5592} \right\rceil} & (7)\end{matrix}$

An LDPC codeword that is generated on the basis of Equation 7 is asshown in FIG. 7A. Referring to FIG. 7A, in order to generate an LDPCcodeword that is formed of 16200 bits through performing of LDPCencoding at a code rate of 7/15, the length of an information word thatis required during the LDPC encoding becomes 7560. In this case, thelength of LDPC parity bits may be 8640. Accordingly, the length of aninformation word that is required during BCH encoding becomes a valuethat is obtained by subtracting the length of BCH parity bits from thelength of the information word of the LDPC encoding, i.e.,7560−168=7392.

In the case of segmenting the L1 signaling such that the maximum numberof bits of the segmented L1 signaling becomes 5592, the requiredtransmission code rate of 0.4 can be satisfied. That is, 8640 LDPCparity bits are generated through encoding of the segmented L1 signalingthat is formed of 5592 bits. In this case, since the transmission coderate in the case where 8640 LDPC parity bits are all transmitted becomes5592/(5592+8640), the required transmission code rate of 0.4 can besatisfied.

As another example, if N_(ldpc)=16200 and N_(parity)=8640, and therequired code rate is 0.3, K_(th)=3534, and Equation 1can be expressedas in Equation 8 below.

$\begin{matrix}{N_{{post\_ FEC}{\_ Block}} = \left\lceil \frac{K_{{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}{3534} \right\rceil} & (8)\end{matrix}$

An LDPC codeword that is generated on the basis of Equation 8 is asshown in FIG. 7B. Referring to FIG. 7B, in order to generate an LDPCcodeword that is formed of 16200 bits through performing of LDPCencoding at a code rate of 7/15, the length of an information word thatis required during the LDPC encoding becomes 7560. In this case, thelength of LDPC parity bits may be 8640. Accordingly, the length of aninformation word that is required during BCH encoding becomes a valuethat is obtained by subtracting the length of BCH parity bits from thelength of the information word of the LDPC encoding, i.e.,7560−168=7392.

In the case of segmenting the L1 signaling such that the maximum numberof bits of the segmented L1 signaling becomes 3534, the requiredtransmission code rate of 0.3 can be satisfied. That is, 8640 LDPCparity bits are generated through encoding of the segmented L1 signalingthat is formed of 3534 bits. In this case, since the transmission coderate in the case where 8640 LDPC parity bits are all transmitted becomes3534/(3534+8640), the required transmission code rate of 0.3 can besatisfied.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the L1signaling can be segmented such that the required length of theinformation word becomes smaller than the length of the information wordof the BCH codeword or the length of the information word of the LDPCcodeword to satisfy the required transmission code rate.

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate that zero bits are added after the BCHinformation word. However, this is merely exemplary, and the position towhich the zero bits are added may be variously changed.

The segmenter 210 may perform segmentation of the L1 signaling using amethod that is different from the above-described method. This will bedescribed in more detail with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a method for segmenting L1 signalingaccording to another exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 8, the L1signaling 800 may include L1 pre signaling 810 and L1 post signaling820.

The L1 pre signaling 810 includes information that is scarcely changedin time. For example, the L1 pre signaling 810 may include a cellidentifier, a network identifier, the number of frequencies, a framelength, and a position of a pilot sub-carrier.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the L1 post signaling 820 may include L1variable information 830 and L1 dynamic information 840. Here, the L1variable information 830 may be referred to as L1 configurableinformation.

The L1 variable information 830 is not changed on a frame by framebasis, but may include information that may be changed in a frame to betransmitted, for example, information on a PLP identifier, a modulationorder used for the PLP transmission, and a code rate.

The L1 dynamic information 840 may include information that may bechanged for each frame, for example, information on what position of aframe a PLP for transmitting service data is transmitted, i.e.,information on a start point and an end point of the PLP.

Specifically, the L1 dynamic information may include L1 dynamicinformation 842 about a current frame that indicates the L1 dynamicinformation about the current frame, and L1 dynamic information 842about a next frame that indicates the L1 dynamic information about aframe to be subsequently transmitted. For example, if the current frameis the K-th frame, the L1 dynamic information about the next frame thatis transmitted at the K-th frame includes the same value as the value ofthe L1 dynamic information to be transmitted at the (K+1)-th frame.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the L1 post signaling 840 may further includea CRC 850 and an L1 padding 860 in addition to the L1 variableinformation 830 and the L1 dynamic information 840. Here, the CRC 850may include parity bits that are generated through application of CRCcoding to the L1 variable information 830 and the L1 dynamic information840, and the L1 padding 860 may include bits that are added in order tosegment the L1 post signaling 820 with the same length.

If the L1 post signaling has a structure as shown in FIG. 8, thesegmenter 220 may perform segmentation by type of information that formsthe L1 post signaling. Specifically, the segmenter 210 may segment eachof L1 variable information, L1 dynamic information about a currentframe, and L1 dynamic information about a next frame that form the L1post signaling, and then may construct input bits (i.e., K_(sig)) inputto the encoder 220 using the information segmented by information type.

Hereinafter, if the L1 post signaling has the structure as shown in FIG.8, a method for segmenting the L1 post signaling will be described inmore detail.

First, the segmenter 210 calculates the number of LDPC blocks N_(post)_(_) _(FECFRAME) On the basis of Equation 9. Here, the number of LDPCblocks may be the number of segmented L1 signalings .

$\begin{matrix}{{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}} = \left\lceil \frac{K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}}}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ segmentation}}} \right\rceil},} & (9)\end{matrix}$where K_(L1post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) is the length of the L1 postsignaling. Specifically, K_(L1post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad) is the lengthof the L1 post signaling not including the L1 padding, and thus may be avalue that is obtained by adding the length K_(post) _(_) _(conf) of theL1 variable information, the length K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c) of the L1dynamic information about the current frame, the length K_(L1post) _(_)_(dyn,n) of the L1 dynamic information about the next frame, and thelength of the CRC. That is, K_(L1post) _(_) _(ex) _(_) _(pad)=K_(post)_(_) _(conf)+K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c)+K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n)+32.

Then, N_(L1post) _(_) _(segmentation) is the maximum number of bits ofthe segmented L1 post signaling, and may be defined as in Equation 10below.

$\begin{matrix}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ segmentation}} = {{\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity} - A} = {K_{th} - A}}} & (10)\end{matrix}$

As described above, N_(L1post) _(_) _(segmentation) has a value that issmaller than K_(th) by A. That is, in the case of performingsegmentation by type of information that forms the L1 post signaling,the maximum length of the input bits input to the encoder 220 may be avalue that is smaller than K_(th) by A.

Here, A is a correction factor that makes the number of bits of theinformation (i.e., the number of bits of the L1 post signaling in theLDPC block that is equal to the number of input bits of the encoder 220)in the LDPC block after the segmentation equal to smaller than K_(th),and can be changed according to the number of signaling types beingsegmented. For example, in the case of performing segmentation throughdivision of the L1 post signaling into L1 variable information 830, L1dynamic information 841 of the current frame, and L1 dynamic information842 of the next frame, the segmentation is performed through divisioninto three kinds of information, and thus A becomes 3−1=2.

The L1 post signaling may be divided into L1 variable information, L1dynamic information about the current frame, and L1 dynamic informationabout the next frame, and if the L1 dynamic information about the nextframe is not used, it may be divided into L1 variable information and L1dynamic information about the current frame.

Accordingly, in the case where the L1 post signaling is divided into L1variable information, L1 dynamic information about the current frame,and L1 dynamic information about the next frame, and the segmentation isperformed by type, N_(L1post) _(_) _(segmentation) may be a value thatis smaller than K_(th) by two (2) bits, and in the case where the L1post signaling is divided into L1 variable information and L1 dynamicinformation about the current frame, and the segmentation is performedby type, N_(L1post) _(_) _(segmentation) may be a value that is smallerthan K_(th) by one (1) bit.

Accordingly, in the case where the L1 post signaling is divided into L1variable information, L1 dynamic information about the current frame,and L1 dynamic information about the next frame, Table 1 and Table 2 asdescribed above may be corrected to Table 3 and Table 4, respectively,and in the case where the L1 post signaling is divided into L1 variableinformation and L1 dynamic information about the current frame, Table 1and Table 2 as described above may be corrected to Table 5 and Table 6,respectively.

TABLE 3 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.4 7030 2/5 9720 0.46310  7/15 8640 0.4 5590  8/15 7560 0.4 4870 3/5 6480 0.4 4150 2/3 54000.4 3430 11/15 4320 0.4 2710

TABLE 4 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.3 4458 2/5 9720 0.33995  7/15 8640 0.3 3532  8/15 7560 0.3 3070 3/5 6480 0.3 2607 2/3 54000.3 2144 11/15 4320 0.3 1681

TABLE 5 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.4 7031 2/5 9720 0.46311  7/15 8640 0.4 5591  8/15 7560 0.4 4871 3/5 6480 0.4 4151 2/3 54000.4 3431 11/15 4320 0.4 2711

TABLE 6 R_(ldpc) N_(parity) R_(t) K_(th) 1/3 10800 0.3 4459 2/5 9720 0.33996  7/15 8640 0.3 3533  8/15 7560 0.3 3071 3/5 6480 0.3 2608 2/3 54000.3 2145 11/15 4320 0.3 1682

However, even if N_(L1post) _(_) _(segmentation) is defined as a valuethat is smaller than K_(th) by one (1) or two (2), the transmission coderate is slightly improved in comparison to the required transmissioncode rate in the case of K_(th), and thus N_(L1post) _(_)_(segmentation) may be defined as the same value as K_(th). In thiscase, Table 1 and Table 2 may be applied to this embodiment as they are.

Thereafter, the segmenter 210 calculates the number of padding bits(i.e., L1 padding) K_(L1) _(_) _(PADDING) to be added (or padded) to theL1 post signaling for the segmentation based on Equation 11 below.N _(L1post) _(_) _(PADDING) K _(L1post) _(_) _(conf) _(_) _(PAD) +K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c) _(_) _(PAD) +K _(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n) _(_)_(PAD)   (11),where K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf) _(_) _(PAD) is the length of the paddingbits of the L1 variable information, K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c) _(_)_(PAD) is the length of the padding bits of the L1 dynamic informationabout the current frame, and K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n) _(_) _(PAD) is thelength of the padding bits of the L1 dynamic information about the nextframe that includes the CRC.

The length of the padding bits of the L1 variable information, thelength of the padding bits of the L1 dynamic information about thecurrent frame, and the length of the padding bits of the L1 dynamicinformation about the next frame that includes the CRC may be calculatedon the basis of Equations 12 to 14 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ conf}{\_ PAD}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ conf}}}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} - K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ conf}}}},} & (12) \\{{N_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},{c{\_ PAD}}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},c}}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} - K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},c}}},} & (13) \\{{N_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},{n{\_ PAD}}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},n} + 32}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} - \left( {K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},n} + 32} \right)}},} & (14)\end{matrix}$where K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf) is the length of the L1 variableinformation, K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c) is the length of the L1 dynamicinformation about the current frame, K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n) is thelength of the L1 dynamic information about the next frame, and 32 is thelength of the CRC. Further, N_(post) _(_) _(FECFRAME) is the number ofLDPC blocks.

According to circumstances, the L1 dynamic information about the nextframe may not be used (i.e., K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n)=0), and in thiscase, the length of the padding bits may be calculated on the basis ofEquations 15 to 17 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ conf}{\_ PAD}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ conf}}}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} - K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ contf}}}},} & (15) \\{N_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},{c{\_ PAD}}} = {{\left\lceil \frac{K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},c} + 32}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} \right\rceil \times N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}} - \left( {K_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},c} + 32} \right)}} & (16) \\{\mspace{79mu}{N_{{L\; 1\;{post\_ dyn}},{n\_ PAD}} = 0}} & (17)\end{matrix}$

Thereafter, the segmenter 210 may add the padding bits to the L1 postsignaling, and segment the L1 signaling to which the padding bits areadded. In this case, the segmenter 210 may add the padding bits that arecalculated by type to the information of the respective types andsegment the information of the respective types to which the paddingbits are added, respectively.

For this, the segmenter 210 calculates the length K_(L1post) of the L1signaling to which the padding bits are added based on Equation 18below, and calculates the length K_(sig) of the segmented L1 signalingbased on Equation 19 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{K_{L\; 1\;{post}} = {K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ ex}{\_ pad}} + K_{L\; 1\;{post\_ PADDING}}}},} & (18) \\{K_{sig} = \frac{K_{L\; 1\;{post}}}{N_{L\; 1\;{post\_ FECFRAME}}}} & (19)\end{matrix}$

The segmenter 210 may perform segmentation by type of information thatforms the L1 post signaling as described above. Specifically, thesegmenter 210 may segment the L1 variable information, the L1 dynamicinformation about the current frame, and the L1 dynamic informationabout the next frame, and then may construct input bits that are inputto the encoder 220 using the information segmented with respect torespective types. Here, the number K_(sig) of input bits that are inputto the encoder 220 may be a value calculated by Equation 19.

Hereinafter, a method for forming the input bits having the length ofK_(sig) through segmentation of the respective types of information willbe described in more detail. Here, since the input bits are encoded bythe encoder 220, the input bits may be information words included in therespective encoded blocks.

Specifically, the input bits input to the encoder 220 may be formed ofthe respective types of segmented information.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the first input bits may be formed offirst segmented L1 variable information 830-1, first segmented L1dynamic information 841-1 about the current frame, and first segmentedL1 dynamic information 842-1 about the next frame. Here, the firstsegmented L1 variable information 830-1 may be formed in theabove-described method through ┌K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf)/N_(L1post) _(_)_(FECFRAME)┐=K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf) _(_) _(PAD) in the above-describedmethod.

The N_(post) _(_) _(FECFRAME)-th input bits may be formed of the N-thsegmented L1 variable information 830-N, the N-th segmented L1 dynamicinformation 841-N about the current frame, the N-th segmented L1 dynamicinformation 842-N about the next frame, and the padding bits. Here, thepadding bits may be padding bits 861 of the L1 variable information,padding bits 862 of the L1 dynamic information about the current frame,and padding bits 863 of the L1 dynamic information about the next frameincluding the CRC.

Accordingly, the N-th segmented L1 variable information 830-N may beformed of ┌K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf)/N_(L1post) _(_)_(FECFRAME)┐−K_(L1post) _(_) _(conf) _(_) _(PAD) bits, the N-thsegmented L1 dynamic information 841-N about the current frame may beformed of ┌K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c)/N_(L1post) _(_)_(FECFRAME)┐−K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,c) _(_) _(PAD) bits, and the N-thsegmented L1 dynamic information 842-N about the next frame may beformed of ┌(K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n)+32)/N_(L1post)_(_)FECFRAME┐−K_(L1post) _(_) _(dyn,n) _(_) _(PAD) bits includingpartial bits constituting the CRC 850.

As described above, the segmenter 210 may segment the information bytype of information that forms the L1 post signaling according to theabove-described method, and may generate a plurality of segmented L1post signalings each of which is formed of K_(sig) bits. Further, thesegmenter 210 may output the plurality of segmented L1 post signalingsto the encoder 220. Accordingly, each of a plurality of LDPC codewordsgenerated through encoding by the encoder 220 may include K_(sig) L1post signaling bits.

However, dividing the L1 post signaling into different types ofinformation and segmenting each type of information in theabove-described method is merely exemplary. That is, the L1 postsignaling may be divided in such a manner that the L1 variableinformation is one type and the L1 dynamic information about the currentframe and the L1 dynamic information about the next frame is the othertype. That is, the method of dividing the L1 post signaling forsegmentation purposes is not being limited to the above embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the detailed configuration of atransmitter according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 9,the transmitter 200 includes a segmenter 210, a zero bit inserter 221, aBCH encoder 223-1, an LDPC encoder 223-2, a parity interleaver 225, azero bit remover/puncturer 227, an interleaver 230, a demultiplexer(DEMUX) 240, and a modulator 250. Here, the segmenter 210, the zero bitinserter 221, the BCH encoder 223-1, the LDPC encoder 223-2, the parityinterleaver 225, and the zero bit remover/puncturer 227 are the same asthose as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8, and thedetailed description thereof will be omitted.

The interleaver 230 may interleave the L1 signaling. Specifically, theinterleaver 230 may interleave respective LDPC codewords output from theencoder 220 using N_(c) columns formed of N_(r rows.)

Specifically, the interleaver 230 may perform interleaving by writingthe LDPC codeword bits output from the encoder 220 in a column directionfrom the first column to the N_(c)-th column, and reading the LDPCcodeword bits in a row direction from the first row to the N_(r)-th rowof the plurality of rows on which the LDPC codeword bits are written.Accordingly, the bits that are written on the same row of the respectivecolumns are sequentially output, and the order of the LDPC codeword bitsmay be realigned in comparison with those before the interleaving.

The interleaver 230 may selectively perform interleaving according to amodulation method. For example, the interleaver 230 can interleave theLDPC codewords only in the case where the modulation method is 16-QAM,64-QAM, or 256-QAM.

The number N_(c) of columns and the number N_(r) of rows that forms theinterleaver 230 may be variously changed according to a code rate andthe modulation method. For example, if the code rate of the LDPC code is7/15, the number N_(c) of columns is equal to the order of modulation ofthe L1 post signaling, and the number N_(r) of rows may be the (numberof bits of the LDPC codeword)/N_(c). That is, if the number of bits ofthe LDPC codeword is N_(L1post) and the modulation method is 16-QAM,64-QAM, or 256-QAM, the order of modulation may become 4, 6, or 8, andthus the number N_(c) of columns may become 4, 6, or 8, while the numberN_(r) of rows may become N_(L1post)/4, N_(L1post)/6, or N_(L1post)/8.

The DEMUX 240 demultiplexes the LDPC codeword transmitted from theinterleaver 230. Specifically, the DEMUX 240 may demultiplex theinterleaved LDPC codeword into a cell (or data cell) having apredetermined number of bits through performing of bit-to-cellconversion of the interleaved LDPC codeword.

For example, the DEMUX 240 may convert the LDPC codeword bits into cellsby sequentially outputting the LDPC codeword bits output from theinterleaver 230 to one of a plurality of sub-streams to output the cell.In this case, the bits having the same indexes in the plurality ofsub-streams may constitute the same cell.

Here, the number of sub-streams is equal to the number of bits thatconstitute the cell. For example, if the modulation method is 16-QAM,64-QAM, or 256-QAM, the number of sub-streams may become 1, 2, 3, 6, or8, and the number of cells may become N_(L1post,) N_(L1post)/2,N_(L1post)/4, N_(L1post)/6, or N_(L1post)/8. Here, N_(L1post) is thenumber of bits of the LDPC codeword output from the encoder 220. Thatis, N_(L1post) is the number of bits that constitute the LDPC codewordafter the puncturing and shortening are performed.

The DEMUX 220 may selectively perform demultiplexing according to themodulation method. For example, if the modulation method is BPSK, theDEMUX 240 may not perform demultiplexing.

The modulator 250 may modulate cells output from the DEMUX 240.Specifically, the modulator 250 may modulate the cells output from theDEMUX 240 through mapping on the constellation point using variousmodulation methods, such as BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM.Here, if the modulation methods are BPS K, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and256-QAM, the number of bits that constitute the modulated cell (i.e.,modulated symbol) may be 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8.

The transmitter 200 may transmit the modulated symbol to a receiver (notillustrated). For example, the transmitter 200 may map the modulatedsymbol on a frame using the OFDM method, and may transmit this to thereceiver through an allocated channel. In this case, the modulatedsymbol of the L1 signaling may be mapped on an OFDM preamble in theframe.

In the above-described example, it is described that the zero bitinserter 221 is arranged in front of the BCH encoder 223-1. However,this is merely exemplary, and as shown in FIG. 10, the zero bit inserter221 may be arranged between the BCH encoder 223-1 and the LDPC encoder223-2. In this case, although the arrangement of the constituentelements differs, the constituent elements perform the same operation.Accordingly, the configuration in FIG. 10 will be described with regardto different aspects compared to FIG. 9.

Referring to FIG. 10, the BCH encoder 223-2 may generate a plurality ofBCH codewords by performing BCH encoding of the segmented L1 signalingoutput from the segmenter 210, and may output the BCH codewords to thezero bit inserter 221. The zero bit inserter 221 pads zero bits to theBCH codewords, and outputs the BCH codeword to which the zero bits arepadded to the LDPC encoder 223-2. For example, if the length of the BCHcodewords is N_(bch)(=K_(sig)+N_(bch) _(_) _(parity)) and the length ofan information word that is required during LDPC encoding is K_(ldpc),the zero bit inserter 221 may pad the zero bits to the BCH codeword byK_(ldpc)−N_(bch). Here, K_(sig) is the length of a segmented L1signaling, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) is the length of BCH parity bits.

The LDPC encoder 223-1 may generate LDPC codewords through performing ofthe LDPC encoding with respect to the BCH codewords to which the zerobits are padded, and may output the generated LDPC codewords to theparity interleaver 430. In this case, since a BCH codeword to which thezero bits are padded is formed of Kldpc bits, the LDPC encoder 223-1 maygenerate a plurality of LDPC codewords each having the length of Nldpcthrough performing of LDPC encoding with respect to the BCH codewords towhich the zero bits are padded.

Further, although not illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, the transmitter 200may further include a scrambler (not illustrated). The scrambler (notillustrated) may randomize input bits to output the randomized bits. Thescrambler (not illustrated) that performs the above-described functionmay be arranged between the segmenter 230 and the zero bit inserter 221in the case of FIG. 9, and may be arranged between the segmenter 230 andthe BCH encoder 223-1 in the case of FIG. 10.

The transmitter 200 according to another exemplary embodiment mayfurther include a controller (not illustrated) for controlling the wholeoperations of the transmitter 200.

Specifically, the controller may calculate various kinds of parametersfor controlling operations that are performed by the respectiveconstituent elements of the transmitter 200, and may provide thecalculated parameters to the respective constituent elements.Accordingly, the segmenter 210, the encoder 220, the interleaver 230,the DEMUX 240, and the modulator 250 may perform their operations usinginformation transmitted from the controller.

For example, the controller (not illustrated) may calculate a length bywhich the L1 signaling is segmented to provide the calculated length tothe segmenter 210, and may calculate the number of zero bits that areadded to or removed from the segmented L1 signaling to provide thecalculated number of zero bits to the encoder 220. Further, thecontroller may provide a code rate that is used during the BCH and LDPCencoding and information on the length of a codeword to the encoder 220.Further, the controller may provide information on an interleavingmethod to the interleaver 230, provide information on a demultiplexingmethod to the DEMUX 240, and provide information on a modulation methodto the modulator 250.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are block diagrams illustrating a configuration of areceiver, according to an exemplary embodiment. First, referring to FIG.11A, a receiver 1100 includes a decoder 1110 and a desegmenter 1120.

The decoder 1110 may perform LDPC and BCH decoding on the basis of achannel value of a signal received from the transmitter 200. Here, anexample of the channel value of the received signal may be a loglikelihood ratio (LLR) value.

The received signal may have been segmented by the transmitter 200 tohave bits the number of which is equal to or smaller than apredetermined number, and may include an L1 signaling on which the BCHand LDPC encoding was performed. Here, the L1 signaling may be an L1post signaling.

Here, the predetermined number may be a value that is smaller than alength of an information word of the BCH encoding or a length of aninformation word of the LDPC encoding, and specifically, thepredetermined number may be determined on the basis of the requiredtransmission code rate, the number of parity bits generated through theBCH encoding, and the number of parity bits generated through the LDPCencoding.

As an example, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basisof Equation 20 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{K_{th} = {\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity}}},} & (20)\end{matrix}$

where K_(th) is the predetermined number presented according to thepresent embodiment, N_(parity) is the number of LDPC parity bitsgenerated by the LDPC encoding, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) is the numberof BCH parity bits generated by the BCH encoding. Further, R_(t) is arequired transmission code rate in the case where the segmented L1signaling is formed of K_(th) bits. This has been described in detail inrelation to Equation 5.

The decoder 1110 is a constituent element that corresponds to theencoder 220 of the transmitter 200, and performs an operation thatcorresponds to tha of the encoder 220. For this, the decoder 1110 mayinclude a depuncturer/deshortener 1111, a parity deinterleaver 1113, aBCH/LDPC decoder 1115, and depadder 1117.

The depuncturer/deshortener 1111 is a constituent element thatcorresponds to the zero bit inserter 221 and the zero bitremover/puncturer 227 of the transmitter 200, and performs an operationthat corresponds to that of the zero bit inserter 221 and the zero bitremover/puncturer 227.

Specifically, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 may add an LLR value thatcorresponds to zero bits, which are added by the zero bit inserter 221and then are removed by the zero bit remover/puncturer 227, to the LLRvalue of the signal received from the transmitter 200.

That is, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 may add the LLR value thatcorresponds to the zero bits shortened on the basis of information aboutthe positions, the number, and the bit values of the shortened zerobits. Here, the LLR value that corresponds to the shortened zero bitsmay be +∞ or −∞. The information about the positions, the number, andthe bit values of the zero bits that are shortened by the transmitter200 may be pre-stored in the receiver 1100 or may be provided from thetransmitter 200. Accordingly, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 mayinsert the LLR value as large as the corresponding number into thepositions where the shortened zero bits existed.

Further, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 may add the LLR value thatcorresponds to the bits, which are punctured by the zero bitremover/puncturer 227, to the LLR value of the signal received from thetransmitter 200.

That is, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 may add the LLR value thatcorresponds to the punctured bits on the basis of the information aboutthe positions and the number of the punctured LDPC parity bits. Here,the LLR value that corresponds to the punctured bits may be zero. Theinformation about the positions and the number of the LDPC parity bitspunctured by the transmitter 200 may be pre-stored in the receiver 1100or may be provided from the transmitter 200. Accordingly, thedepuncturer/deshortener 1111 may insert the LLR value as large as thecorresponding number into the positions where the punctured LDPC paritybits existed.

As described above, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 may add the LLRvalue that corresponds to the bits shortened and punctured by thetransmitter 200 and may output a resultant value to the paritydeinterleaver 1113.

The parity deinterleaver 1113 performs parity deinterleaving withrespect to the output value of the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 and mayoutput a resultant value to the BCH/LDPC decoder 1115.

Specifically, the parity deinterleaver 1113 is a constituent elementthat corresponds to the parity interleaver 225 of the transmitter 200,and performs an operation that corresponds to that of the parityinterleaver 225. That is, the parity deinterleaver 1113 may deinterleavethe LLR value that corresponds to the LDPC parity bits among the LLRvalues output from the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 by reverselyperforming the interleaving operation that is performed by the parityinterleaver 225.

However, according to circumstances, if the parity interleaver 225 isomitted from the transmitter 200, the parity deinterleaver 1113 of thereceiver 1100 may also be omitted.

The BCH/LDPC decoder 1115 performs BCH and LDPC decoding on the basis ofthe output value of the parity deinterleaver 1113.

Specifically, the BCH/LDPC decoder 1115 is a configuration thatcorresponds to the BCH/LDPC encoder 223 of the transmitter 200, and mayperform an operation that corresponds to that of the BCH/LDPC encoder223.

For this, as illustrated in FIG. 11B, the BCH/LDPC decoder 1115 mayinclude an LDPC decoder 1115-1 for performing LDPC decoding and a BCHdecoder 1115-2 for performing BCH decoding.

That is, the LDPC decoder 1115-1 performs LDPC decoding on the basis ofthe output value of the parity interleaver 1113 and outputs a resultantvalue of decoding to the BCH decoder 1115-2.

Specifically, the LDPC decoder 1115-1 is a constituent element thatcorresponds to the LDPC encoder 223-2 of the transmitter 200, andperforms an operation that corresponds to that of the LDPC encoder223-2. For example, the LDPC decoder 1115-1 may correct an error byperforming LDPC decoding using the LLR value that is output from theparity deinterleaver 1113 on the basis of iterative decoding based on asum-product algorithm.

Here, the sum-product algorithm is an algorithm that exchanges messages(e.g., LLR values) through edges on a bipartite graph of a messagepassing algorithm, and calculates output messages from the messagesinput from variable nodes or check nodes to update the messages.

The BCH decoder 1115-2 performs BCH decoding with respect to the outputvalue of the LDPC decoder 1115-1 and outputs a resultant value ofdecoding to the depadder 1117.

Here, since the output value of the LDPC decoder 1115-1 is formed of aplurality of bit strings including segmented L1 signaling bits, zerobits padded to the segmented L1 signaling, and BCH parity bits, the BCHdecoder 1115-2 may correct an error using the BCH parity bits, and mayoutput a plurality of bit strings including the segmented L1 signalingbits and the zero bits padded to the segmented L1 signaling to thedepadder 1117. Here, the L1 signaling may be an L1 post signaling.

The depadder 1117 may remove the zero bits from the output value of theBCH/LDPC decoder 1115 and may output a resultant value to thedesegmenter 1120.

Specifically, the depadder 1117 is a constituent element thatcorresponds to the zero bit inserter 221 of the transmitter 200, and mayperform an operation that corresponds to that of the zero bit inserter221. That is, the depadder 1117 may remove the zero bits added by thezero bit inserter 221 from the respective bit strings output from theBCH decoder 1115-2, and may output a plurality of segmented L1signalings. For this, information about the positions and the number ofzero bits added by the zero bit inserter 221 may be provided from thetransmitter 200 or may be pre-stored in the receiver 1100.

The desegmenter (or combiner) 1120 performs desegmentation with respectto the output value of the depadder 1117.

Specifically, the desegmenter 1120 is a constituent element thatcorresponds to the segmenter 210 of the transmitter 200, and may performan operation that corresponds to that of the segmenter 210. That is,since the plurality of bit strings output from the depadder 1117, i.e.,a plurality of segmented L1 signalings, are segmented by the transmitter200, the desegmenter 1120 may generate and output an L1 signaling beforebeing segmented through desegmentation of the plurality of segmented L1signalings.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of areceiver, according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 12,the receiver 1100 may further include a demodulator 1130, a depadder1117, a BCH decoder 1115-2, and a desegmenter 1120 in addition to adepuncturer/deshortener 1111, a parity deinterleaver 1113, an LDPCdecoder 1115-1, a depadder 1117, a BCH decoder 1115-2, and a desegmenter1120. Here, since the depuncturer/deshortener 1111, the paritydeinterleaver 1113, the LDPC decoder 1115-1, the depadder 1117, the BCHdecoder 1115-2, and the desegmenter 1120 are the same as those asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 11, the detailed descriptionthereof will be omitted.

The demodulator 1130 receives and modulates a signal transmitted fromthe transmitter 200. Specifically, the demodulator 1130 may generate avalue that corresponds to an LDPC codeword through demodulation of thereceived signal, and may output the generated value to the MUX 1140.

Here, the value that corresponds to the LDPC codeword may be expressedas a channel value. There may be various methods for determining achannel value, and as an example, a method for determining an LLR valuemay be included therein.

Here, the LLR value may be a value obtained by logging a ratio of aprobability that a bit transmitted from the transmitter 200 is “0” to aprobability that the bit is “1”. Further, the LLR value may be arepresentative value that is determined according to a section to whicha probability that a bit transmitted from the transmitter 200 is “0” or“1” belongs.

The MUX (or multiplexer) 1140 multiplexes the output value of thedemodulator 1130 and outputs the multiplexed values to the deinterleaver1150.

Specifically, the MUX 1140 is a constituent element that corresponds tothe DUMUX 240 of the transmitter 200, and may perform an operation thatcorresponds to that of the DEMUX 240. That is, the MUX 1140 may convertthe output value of the demodulator 1130 in a cell-to-bit manner and mayrealign the LLR value in a unit of a bit.

The deinterleaver 1150 deinterleaves the output value of the MUX 1140and outputs the deinterleaved value to the decoder 1110.

Specifically, the deinterleaver 1150 is a constituent element thatcorresponds to the interleaver 230 of the transmitter 200, and mayperform an operation that corresponds to that of the interleaver 230.That is, the deinterleaver 1150 may deinterleave the output value of theMUX 1140 by reversely performing an interleaving operation that isperformed by the interleaver 230.

In this case, the decoder 1110 may process the output value of thedeinterleaver 1150 as described above with reference to FIG. 11. Thatis, the depuncturer/deshortener 1111 adds a specific value to the outputvalue of the deinterleaver 1150 to output the value to the paritydeinterleaver 1113, and the parity deinterleaver 1113 performs paritydeinterleaving of the output value of the depuncturer/deshortener 1111.The BCH/LDPC decoder 1115 decodes the output value of the paritydeinterleaver 1113 to output the decoded value to the depadder 1117, andthe depadder 1117 removes zero bits from the output value of theBCH/LDPC decoder 1115 to output the output value to the BCH/LDPC decoder1115, and the desegmenter 1120 desegments the output value of thedepadder 1117 to restore an L1 signaling.

In the case where the transmitter 200 processes and transmits an L1 postsignaling using the constituent elements as illustrated in FIG. 9, thereceiver 1100 may process the L1 post signaling using the constituentelements as illustrated in FIG. 12.

However, in the case where the transmitter 200 uses the constituentelements as illustrated in FIG. 10, the receiver 1100 may process the L1post signaling using the constituent elements as illustrated in FIG. 13.In this case, although the arrangement of the constituent elementsdiffers from that as described above with reference to FIG. 12, theconstituent elements perform the same operation. Accordingly,explanation will be made with regard to different aspects compared toFIG. 12.

The LDPC decoder 1115-1 may output bits generated as a result ofdecoding to the depadder 1117. In the case, the bits that are input tothe depadder 1117 may include a segmented L1 post signaling, zero bitspadded to the segmented L1 post signaling, and BCH parity bits.

The depadder 1117 may remove the zero bits from the bits output from theLDPC decoder 1115-1 to output resultant bits to the BCH decoder 1115-2.

Accordingly, since the bits input to the BCH decoder 1115-2 includes thesegmented L1 post signaling and the BCH parity bits, the BCH decoder1115-2 may correct errors using the BCH parity bits and may output thesegmented L1 post signaling.

Information that is required to operate the respective constituentelements may be provided from the transmitter 200 or may be pre-storedin the receiver 1100. Here, the information that is required to operatethe respective constituent elements may be, for example, a multiplexingtype performed by the MUX 1140, a deinterleaving type performed by thedeinterleaver 1150, the positions and number of LLR values that areadded by the decoder 1110, a parity interleaving type, information usedduring decoding (e.g., a code rate, the length of an LDPC codeword,information on a parity check matrix, or information on the length of aBCH codeword), or information on the order in which the desegmenter 1120desegments the segmented L1 post signaling.

In the above-described example, it is described that the L1 postsignaling is segmented and transmitted to the receiver 1100, but is notlimited thereto. If the L1 post signaling is formed of bits the numberof which is equal to or smaller than a predetermined number, the L1 postsignaling may not be segmented, but may be transmitted to the receiver1100. Here, the predetermined number may be K_(th) as described above.In this case, since bit strings input to the desegmenter 1120 can beconfigured by the L1 post signaling, the desegmenter 1120 may output theL1 post signaling without any separate desegmentation.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a signal processing method of atransmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, L1 signaling is segmented such that a segmented L1 signaling hasbits the number of which is equal to or smaller than a predeterminednumber (S1410).

Thereafter, BCH and LDPC encoding is performed with respect to thesegmented L1 signaling (S1420).

Here, the predetermined number may be smaller than the length of aninformation word of the BCH encoding or the length of the informationword of the LDPC encoding. The predetermined number may be calculated onthe basis of a required transmission code rate, the number of paritybits generated by the BCH encoding, and the number of parity bitsgenerated by the LDPC encoding. Specifically, the predetermined numbermay be calculated on the basis of Equation 5. The detailed contentsrelated to this have been described.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a signal processing method of areceiver, according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, LDPC and BCH decoding is performed on the basis of a channelvalue of a signal that is received from a transmitter 200 (S1510).

Thereafter, a plurality of L1 signalings generated by the LDPC and BCHdecoding are desegmented (S1520).

Here, each of the L1 signaling is segmented at a transmitter such thatbits of a segmented L1 signaling is equal to or smaller than apredetermined number, and BCH and LDPC encoded. In this case, thepredetermined number may be smaller than the length of an informationword of the BCH encoding or the length of an information word of theLDPC encoding, and may be calculated on the basis of a requiredtransmission code rate, the number of parity bits generated by the BCHencoding, and the number of parity bits generated by the LDPC encoding.Specifically, the predetermined number may be calculated on the basis ofEquation 5. The detailed contents related to this have been described.

A non-transitory computer readable medium may be provided, which storesa program that sequentially performs the signal processing methodaccording to the above embodiments.

The non-transitory computer readable medium is not a medium that storesdata for a short period, such as a register, a cache, or a memory, butmeans a medium which semi-permanently stores data and is readable by adevice. Specifically, various applications and programs as describedabove may be stored and provided in the non-transitory computer readablemedium, such as, a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), ahard disc, a Blu-ray disc, a universal serial bus (USB), a memory card,and a read-only memory (ROM).

At least one of the components, elements or units represented by a blockas illustrated in FIGS. 2, 4A, 4B and 9-13 may be embodied as variousnumbers of hardware, software and/or firmware structures that executerespective functions described above, according to an exemplaryembodiment. For example, at least one of these components, elements orunits may use a direct circuit structure, such as a memory, processing,logic, a look-up table, etc. that may execute the respective functionsthrough controls of one or more microprocessors or other controlapparatuses. Also, at least one of these components, elements or unitsmay be specifically embodied by a module, a program, or a part of code,which contains one or more executable instructions for performingspecified logic functions. Also, at least one of these components,elements or units may further include a processor such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU) that performs the respective functions, amicroprocessor, or the like. Further, although a bus is not illustratedin the above block diagrams, communication between the components,elements or units may be performed through the bus.

While the inventive concept has been shown and described with referenceto exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilledin the art that various changes in form and detail may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, asdefined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A signal generation and transmitting apparatuscomprising: a segmenter configured to segment input bits into aplurality of segmented blocks according to a segmentation value, if asize of the input bits is greater than the segmentation value; a zeropadder configured to fill a bit space of a predetermined size with bitsand one or more zero padding bits, if a size of the bits is less thanthe predetermined size, the bits comprising bits of each of theplurality of segmented blocks; an encoder configured to encode bitsincluded in the bit space to generate parity bits based on a code; apuncturer configured to puncture one or more parity bits from among thegenerated parity bits; a zero remover configured to remove the one ormore zero padding bits from the encoded bits included in the bit space;a mapper configured to map remaining encoded bits after removing andremaining parity bits after the puncturing onto constellation points;and a transmitter configured to transmit a signal which is generatedbased on the constellation points, wherein the segmentation value isbased on the code, a zero padding parameter and a puncturing parameter.2. The signal generation and transmitting as claimed in claim 1, furthercomprising: an encoder configured to encode the plurality of segmentedblocks based on a first code to generate a codeword respectively, thecodeword comprising bits of a segmented block and first parity bitswhich are generated based on the first code, wherein the zero padder isconfigured to fill the bit space of the predetermined size with bits ofthe codeword and the one or more zero padding bits, and wherein theencoder is configured to encode the bits included in the bit space togenerate second parity bits based on a second code.
 3. The signalgeneration and transmitting as claimed in claim 2, wherein thesegmentation value is calculated based on a predetermined transmissioncode rate, a number of the first parity bits generated based on thefirst code and a number of the second parity bits generated based on thesecond code.
 4. The signal generation and transmitting as claimed inclaim 3, wherein the segmentation value is calculated based on afollowing equation:${K_{th} = {\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity}}},$where K_(th) is the segmentation value, R_(t) is the predeterminedtransmission code rate, N_(parity) is the number of the second paritybits generated based on the second code, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) isthe number of the first parity bits generated based on the first code.5. A signal generation and transmitting method of a signal generationand transmitting apparatus, the method comprising: segmenting input bitsinto a plurality of segmented blocks according to a segmentation valueif a size of the input bits is greater than the segmentation value;filling a bit space of a predetermined size with bits and one or morezero padding bits, if a size of the bits is less than the predeterminedsize, the bits comprising bits of each of the plurality of segmentedblocks; encoding bits included in the bit space to generate parity bitsbased on a code; puncturing, from the second parity bits, one or moreparity bits; removing the one or more zero padding bits from the encodedbits included in the bit space; mapping remaining encoded bits afterremoving and remaining parity bits after puncturing onto constellationpoints; and transmitting a signal which is generated based on theconstellation points wherein the segmentation value is based on thecode, a zero padding parameter and a puncturing parameter.
 6. The signalgeneration and transmitting method as claimed in claim 5, furthercomprising: encoding the plurality of segmented blocks based on a firstcode to generate codewords respectively, a codeword comprising bits of asegmented block and first parity bits which are generated based on thefirst code, wherein the filling fills the bit space of a predeterminedsize with bits of the codeword and the one or more zero padding bits,and wherein the encoding bits included in the bit space encodes the bitsincluded in the bit space to generate second parity bits based on asecond code.
 7. The signal generation and transmitting method as claimedin claim 6, wherein the segmentation value is calculated based on apredetermined transmission code rate, a number of the first parity bitsgenerated based on the first code and a number of the second parity bitsgenerated based on the second code.
 8. The signal generation andtransmitting processing method as claimed in claim 7, wherein thesegmentation value is calculated based on a following equation:${K_{th} = {\left\lfloor {\frac{R_{t}}{1 - R_{t}} \cdot N_{parity}} \right\rfloor - N_{bch\_ parity}}},$where K_(th) is the segmentation value, R_(t) is the predeterminedtransmission code rate, N_(parity) is the number of second parity bitsgenerated based on the second code, and N_(bch) _(_) _(parity) is thenumber of first parity bits generated based on the first code.